-
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports Mar 2011Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. Since the advent of short, intensive, multiagent chemoimmunotherapy... (Review)
Review
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. Since the advent of short, intensive, multiagent chemoimmunotherapy regimens, it has carried a favorable prognosis. BL has been rather well characterized, whereas the other lymphomas morphologically resembling it are more heterogeneous. The cases classified as atypical BL/Burkitt-like lymphoma by the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue were thought to represent a continuum between BL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The optimal therapeutic strategy for this provisional entity was not definitively established. However, recent incorporation of molecular genetic data into the 2008 WHO Classification has allowed further refinements with significant therapeutic implications, including the designation of a new provisional entity, "B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between BL and DLBCL." This review presents a comprehensive overview of the previously designated provisional entity of atypical BL/BLL in conjunction with a detailed comparison with BL and DLBCL.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Burkitt Lymphoma; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Rearrangement; Genes, myc; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 21191675
DOI: 10.1007/s11899-010-0076-4 -
Blood Nov 2004The World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms identifies Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia as a highly aggressive mature B-cell neoplasm consisting of... (Review)
Review
The World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms identifies Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia as a highly aggressive mature B-cell neoplasm consisting of endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated variants. These subtypes share many morphologic and immunophenotypic features, but differences exist in their clinical and geographic presentations. All of these subtypes possess chromosomal rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene, the genetic hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma that contributes to lymphomagenesis through alterations in cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, cellular adhesion, and metabolism. Brief-duration, high-intensity chemotherapy regimens containing aggressive central nervous system prophylaxis have had remarkable success in the treatment of this disease, with complete remission rates of 75% to 90% and overall survivals reaching 50% to 70% in adults. Although Burkitt lymphoma cells are extremely chemosensitive, biologically targeted therapies should be developed because current treatment options are suboptimal for patients with poor prognostic features or in the setting of relapsed disease.
Topics: Adult; Burkitt Lymphoma; Humans
PubMed: 15265787
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0405 -
Blood Feb 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Adult; Burkitt Lymphoma
PubMed: 36821186
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018509 -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2012The refinements in both the staging and response evaluation of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have contributed to the improvements in treatment outcome observed... (Review)
Review
The refinements in both the staging and response evaluation of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have contributed to the improvements in treatment outcome observed over the past 40 years. Ziegler and Magrath designed a staging system in the 1970s for children with BL in equatorial Africa. Currently, the most widely used staging system around the world is that described by Murphy in 1980, which was developed for children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of any histology. There are opportunities for refinement in this system, particularly with respect to certain extra-nodal sites, such as skin and bone. The findings obtained at diagnosis with novel technologies (functional imaging [e.g., positron emission tomography [PET]] and minimal residual disease [MRD] technology), which are more sensitive with respect to disease detection than historic modalities, also need to be considered. Technological advances have also had impact on the assessment of response evaluation. Standard x-rays were routinely used in the 1960s; nuclear imaging became widely used in the 1970s; computerized axial tomography was incorporated in the 1980s; PET imaging was incorporated and, in many cases, has replaced gallium/bone scans since 2000; and MRD technology has been explored in some of the most recent clinical trials. There is clearly a need for more clinical data on the use of PET and MRD technology in the determination of response evaluation of children with BL as well as other histological subtypes of NHL. An international working group is currently addressing the refinement of both disease staging and response evaluation in children with NHL.
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22296338
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09026.x -
British Medical Journal Jun 1978
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Burkitt Lymphoma; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans
PubMed: 207381
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Dec 2007Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. It has been known for many years that the... (Review)
Review
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, malaria, immunodeficiency and spontaneous, somatic mutation can all contribute to the origin and maintenance of this cancer and their mechanisms are the subject of this review.
Topics: Burkitt Lymphoma; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Genes, myc; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Malaria; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 18042696
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.047977 -
IET Systems Biology Dec 2022Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most aggressive forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that affect children and young adults. The expression of genes and other molecular...
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most aggressive forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that affect children and young adults. The expression of genes and other molecular markers during carcinogenesis can be the basis for diagnosis, prognosis and the design of new and effective drugs for the management of cancers. The aim of this study was to identify genes that can serve as prognostic and therapeutic targets for BL. We analysed RNA-seq data of BL transcriptome sequencing projects in Africa using standard RNA-seq analyses pipeline. We performed pathway enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction networks, gene co-expression and survival analyses. Gene and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes are involved in tube development, signalling receptor binding, viral protein interaction, cell migration, external stimuli response, serine hydrolase activity and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed the genes to be highly interconnected, whereas module analyses revealed 25 genes to possess the highest interaction score. Overall survival analyses delineated six genes (ADAMTSL4, SEMA5B, ADAMTS15, THBS2, SPON1 and THBS1) that can serve as biomarkers for prognosis for BL management.
Topics: Child; Humans; Young Adult; Burkitt Lymphoma; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protein Interaction Maps
PubMed: 36354023
DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12054 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2022Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of liver is a very rare malignancy. Here we report the case of a 50 year old female who presented with dull ache in the right hypochondrium...
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of liver is a very rare malignancy. Here we report the case of a 50 year old female who presented with dull ache in the right hypochondrium and decreased appetite since 1 month. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showed an enlarged liver with an ill- defined soft tissue lesion arising from left lobe measuring 13 × 9 cm suggestive of primary hepatic neoplasm. CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis and whole body positron emission tomography showed no involvement of bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, or any other organ. Her liver function tests, alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were normal. Serology was negative for viruses. Pathological examination favored diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. Cytogenetic studies for MYC translocation t (8;14) is suggested for confirming the diagnosis since Ki 67 index is > 70% and not nearly 100% which is characteristic of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Burkitt Lymphoma; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Lymph Nodes; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 36308209
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_191_21 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Aug 2020Genomic studies have revealed molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma, including the ID3/TCF3-dependent centroblast gene expression... (Review)
Review
Genomic studies have revealed molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma, including the ID3/TCF3-dependent centroblast gene expression program, tonic PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and deregulation of cell cycle and apoptosis through mutations in cyclin D3, , or . Unfortunately, these advances have not been translated into treatment, which relies on dose-intense cytotoxic chemotherapy. While most patients achieve long-term survival, options for relapsed/refractory disease are lacking, as Burkitt lymphoma is often excluded from clinical trials of novel approaches. The lower-intensity, dose-adjusted EPOCH plus rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) regimen constitutes a major advance allowing for treatment of older and HIV-positive patients but needs augmentation to better address the central nervous system involvement. Furthermore, DA-EPOCH-R provides a platform for the study of targeted or immunotherapeutic approaches while de-escalating cytotoxic agents and their associated adverse effects. In this review we discuss the epidemiology and molecular genetics of BL, first-line treatment considerations, and potential novel treatment strategies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Burkitt Lymphoma; Humans; Molecular Biology; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Rituximab; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32255708
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1747068 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2022Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common malignant disorder in paediatric and adolescent age group. There is a need of large-scale studies to understand the disease pattern in...
BACKGROUND
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common malignant disorder in paediatric and adolescent age group. There is a need of large-scale studies to understand the disease pattern in Pakistan as no official registry exist in most of the developing countries. This study comprised a large cohort of 223 patients, spanned over a decade from January 2008-December 2019 and aimed to report the prevalence of subtypes, demographics and immunohistochemical profile from this region.
METHODS
Retrospective study, conducted at Indus hospital and health network and Ziauddin university hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Sequential data analysis was carried out on all consecutive samples including both needle and excisional biopsies of patients below 18 years of age. Morphological examination of H&E stained sections along with immunohistochemistry is performed in order to identify subtypes and immunophenotypic patterns using an extensive panel of markers.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrate 66% B-cell lymphomas while 34% T-cell lymphomas. Overall male to female ratio was 3.3:1 with median age 8 years (1.1-17 years). Among B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma is most common while in T-cell, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is the most common subtype. In anaplastic large cell lymphoma category, null cell phenotype was predominant, i.e., 65%. T-NHL frequency is found to be higher in our population. However, results of immunohistochemistry are similar to published literature.
CONCLUSIONS
The study will help to identify disease patterns in terms of subtypes of NHL and its immunohistochemical profile that plays a vital role in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Burkitt Lymphoma; Child; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35576301
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-02-9384